TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
I. Choose the best
answer.
1.
The plants found in a particular area are known as ________
a) fauna
b) flora
c) endemic
d) rare
[Answer: (c) endemic]
2.
Deforestation means ______
a) cleaning of forest
b) to grow plants
c) to look after plants
d) None of these.
[Answer: (d) None of these]
3.
The Red Data Book gives a list of _________
a) endemic species
b) extinct species
c) natural species
d) None of these
[Answer: (d) None of these]
4.
Insitu conservation is________
a) off site conservation
b) on site conservation
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
[Answer: (b) on site conservation]
5.
Wildlife Protection Act was implemented in ________
a) 1986 
b) 1972 
c) 1973 
d) 1971
[Answer: (b) 1972]
II. Fill in the
blanks.
1. WWF stands for World Wildlife Fund.
2. The animal found in a particular
area is known as endemic.
3. Red Data Book is maintained by International Union for conservation of Nature.
4. Mudhumalai Wildlife Sanctuary is
located in Nilgiris district.
5. March 3 is observed as ‘World
Wildlife Day’
III. Match the
following.
1. Gir National Park - Madhya
Pradesh
2. Sundarabans National Park - Uttara
khand
3. Indira Gandhi National Park - West
Bengal
4. Corbett National Park - Gujarat
5. Kanha National Park - Tamil Nadu
Answer:
1. Gir national park - Gujarat
2. Sundarabans National Park - West Bengal
3. Indira Gandhi National Park - Tamil Nadu
4. Corbett National Park - Uttarangal
5. Kanha National Park - Madhya Pradesh
IV. Answer very
briefly.
1.
What is global warming?
Answer: Gases methane and carbon dioxide accumulating in the atmosphere and
trap the heat energy inside the atmosphere leading to increase in temperature
is called Global warming.
2.
What is known as extint species?
Answer: Species which no longer exist on Earth are called extinct species.
3.
Give few example for extinct species.
Answer: Dinosaurs and Dodo are examples of extinct species.
4.
Name two endangered animals.
Answer:
(i) Snow Leo pard,
(ii) Asiatic Lion.
5.
What is IUCN?
Answer: IUCN - International Union for Conservation of Nature. It is an
international organization working in the field of Nature Conservation and
sustainable use of Natural Resources.
V. Answer briefly.
1.
What is biosphere reserve?
Answer:
(i) Biosphere is a protected area where human population also
forms the part of the system.
(ii) The area of these places will be around 5000 square kilometers. They conserve the eco system, species and genetic resources. These areas are set up mainly for economic development.
2.
What is tissue culture?
Tissue culture is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.
3.
What is endangered species? Give two examples.
Answer:
(i) An endangered species is an animal or a plant that is
considered to be at the risk of extinction.
(ii) It means that there are only few of them left on the Earth
and soon they might extinct.
(iii) Snow leopard, Bengal tiger, Asiatic lion, Purple frog and
Indian giant squirrel are some of the endangered animals in India.
4.
Write the advantages of the Red Data Book.
Answer:
(i) It helps to evaluate the population of a particular species.
(ii) The data given in this book can be used to evaluate the
species at the global level.
(iii) The risk of a species becoming globally extinct can be
estimated with the help of this book.
(iv) It provides guidelines for implementing protective measures
for endangered species.
5.
Mention four main reasons for the conservation of forests.
Answer:
(i) According to WWF (World Wildlife Fund) there has been '60%
decrease in the size of population of animals, birds, fish, reptiles and
amphibians over the past 40 years.
(ii) In order to leave something for the future generation, we
need to conserve it now.
(iii) Conservation is the protection, preservation, management
of wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water.
(iv) Conservation of biodiversity helps us to protect, maintain
and recover endangered animals and plant species.
6.
What do you understand by the term bio magnification?
Answer:
(i) Bio-magnification is the increase in contaminated substances
due to the intoxicating environment.
(ii) The contaminants might be heavy metals such as mercury,
arsenic, and pesticides such as polychlorinated biphenyls and DDT (Dichloro
Diphenyl Trichloro ethane).
(iii) These substances are taken up by the organisms through the
food they consume.
(iv) When the organisms in the higher food chain feed on the
organisms in the lower food chain containing these toxins, these toxins get
accumulated in the higher organisms.
7.
What is PBR?
Answer:
(i) People’s Biodiversity Register is a document which contains
comprehensive information on locally available bio-resources including
landscape and demography of a particular area or village. ,
(ii) Bio-resources mean plants, animals and microorganisms or
parts thereof, their genetic material and by-products with actual or potential
use or value.
(iii) A Biodiversity Management Committee is set up in each
local body which prepares the People’s Biodiversity Registers with the guidance
and technical support of National Biodiversity Authority and the State
Biodiversity Boards.
(iv) Preparation of this register promotes conservation,
preservation of habitats and breed of animals and gathering of knowledge
relating to biological diversity.
(v) The register entails a complete documentation of
biodiversity in the area related to the plant, food source, wildlife, medicinal
source, traditional knowledge etc.
VI. Answer in detail.
1.
What is deforestation? Explain the causes and effects of deforestation.
Answer:
Destruction of forests in order to make the land available for
different uses is known as deforestation.
Causes of
Deforestation :
(i) Fires and floods are the natural causes for deforestation.
(ii) Human activities are responsible for deforestation include
agricultural expansion, cattle breeding, illegal logging, mining, oil
extraction, dam construction and infrastructure development.
a) Agricultural
Expansion :
(i) With increasing population, there is an overgrowing demand
for food production.
(ii) Hence, large amount of trees are chopped down for crops and
for cattle grazing.
b) Urbanization
:
(i) Increase in population needs the expansion of cities.
(ii) More land is needed to establish housing and settlement.
(iii) Requirements like construction of roads, development of
houses, mineral exploitation and expansion of industries also arise due to
urbanisation.
(iv) Forests are destroyed to meet all these needs.
c) Mining:
(i) Mining of coal, diamond and gold require a large amount of
forest land.
(ii) Large number of trees are cut down to clear the forest
area. The waste that comes out from mining pollutes the environment and affects
the nearby plants.
d) Construction
of dams :
To provide water supply to the increasing population, large size
dams are constructed. Hence, a great extend of forest area is being cleared. 
e) Timber
Production :
(i) Wood-based industries like paper, match-sticks, furniture
need a substantial amount of wood supply.
(ii) Wood is the most commonly used fuel, thus, a large number
of trees are being cut down for fuel supplies.
(iii) Illegal wood cutting is the main reason for the
destruction of some valuable plants.
f) Forest
fire :
(i) Forest fire be caused by humans, accidents or natural
factors.
(ii) Forest fires wipe out thousands of acres of forest land
each year all over the world. This has tremendous effects on biodiversity and
the economy as well.
g) Cyclones:
Cyclones destroy the trees on a massive scale.
Effects
of Deforestation :
a) Extinction
of species :
Deforestation has resulted in the loss of many wonderful species
of plants and animals and many are on the verge of extinction.
b) Soil
Erosion :
(i) When the trees are cut down, soils are exposed to the Sun’s
heat.
(ii) Extreme temperature of the summer dries up the moisture and
makes the nutrients to evaporate. It also affects the bacteria that helps in
the breakdown of organic matter.
c) Water
cycle :
When trees are cut down, the amount of water vapour released
decreases for transpiration and hence there is a decrease in the rainfall.
d) Floods:
When the trees are cut down, the flow of water is disrupted and
it leads to flooding.
2.
Discuss the advantages of in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
Answer:
Advantages
of In-situ conservation :
(i) Species can be adapted to their habitat.
(ii) Species can interact with each other.
(iii) Natural habitat is maintained.
(iv) It is less expensive and easy to manage.
(v) Interests of indigenous people are protected.
Advantages
of Ex-situ conservation :
(i) It prevents the decline of species.
(ii) Endangered animals can be breeded in these ways.
(iii) Threatened species are breeded and released in natural
environment.
(iv) It is useful for conducting research and scientific work.
3.
Write about the types of conservation.
Answer: Conservation is the protection, preservation, management of
wildlife and natural resource such as forest and water.
Types :
In-situ
conservation :
It is conservation of living resources within the natural
ecosystem in which they occur. 
a) National
Parks :
(i) It is an area which is strictly reserved for the betterment
of the wildlife.
(ii) Here, activities like forestry, grazing or cultivation are
not permitted.
(iii) Eg.: Guindy National Park in Chennai district.
b) Wildlife
sanctuaries :
(i) A sanctuary is a protected area reserved for the
conservation of animals only.
(ii) Human activities like harvesting of timber, collection of
forest products and private ownership rights are allowed here.
(iii) Controlled interference like tourist activity is also
allowed.
c) Biosphere
reserves :
(i) It is a protected area where human population also forms the
part of the system.
(ii) The area of these places will be around 5000 square
kilometers.
(iii) They conserve the eco system, species and genetic
resources.
(iv) Eg. : These areas are set up mainly for economic
development.
Ex-situ
Conservation :
It is the conservation of wildlife outside their habitat.
Establishing zoos and botanical gardens, conservation of genes, seedling and
tissue.
a) Botanical
gardens :
(i) It is a place where flowers, fruits and vegetables are
grown.
(ii) These places provide a healthy and calm environment.
b) Zoological
parks :
(i) Zoological parks are the areas where wild animals are
conserved.
(ii) In India there are about 800 zoological parks.
c) Tissue
Culture :
It is a technique of growing plant cells, tissues, organs, seeds
or other plant parts in a sterile environment on a nutrient medium.
d) Seed
bank:
The seed bank preserves dried seeds by storing them in a very
low temperature.
e) Cryo
Bank :
It is a technique by which a seed or embryo is preserved at a
very low temperature.
4.
Write a note on Blue Cross.
Answer:
(i) Blue Cross is a registered animal welfare charity in the
United Kingdom, founded in 1897 as ‘Our Dumb Friends League’.
(ii) The vision of this charity is that every pet will enjoy a
healthy life in a happy home.
(iii) The charity provides support for pet owners who cannot
afford private veterinary treatment, helps to find homes for unwanted animals,
and educates the public in the responsibilities of animal ownership.
(iv) Captain V. Sundaram founded the Blue Cross of India, the
largest animal welfare organization of Asia in Chennai in the year 1959.
(v) He was an Indian pilot and animal welfare activist. Now,
Blue Cross of India the country’s largest animal welfare organizations and it
runs several animal welfare events like pet adaptation and animal right
awareness.
(vi) Blue Cross of India has received several international and
national awards.
(vii) This organization is entirely looked after by volunteers.
(viii) The main office is located at Guindy, Chennai, with all
amenities like hospitals, shelters, ambulance services and animal birth
controls, etc.
(ix) Activities of the organization include, providing shelters,
re-homing, adoption, animal birth control, maintaining hospitals and mobile
dispensary and providing ambulance services. 
VII. Higher Order
Thinking Questions.
1.
Is it possible to find dinosaurs today? Why?
Answer:
(i) No. It is not possible to find Dinosaurs today since they
have become extinct.
(ii) The reasons may be shortage of food, space or climate
changes.
2.
Animals are affected by deforestation. How?
Answer:
(i) Deforestation involves destruction of forests by man to make
the lend available for different uses.
(ii) When forests are destroyed, the wild animals living there
are left homeless.
(iii) They start moving out in search of shelter.
(iv) Since animals start moving out the food chains are also
affected and animals cannot find food also.
(v) They also get isolated from their groups and may be killed
by accidents or hunted.
3.
Why did the numbers of tiger and black buck decrease?
Answer:
(i) The number of Black buck and Tigers have decreased due to
excessive hunting, Deforestation and habitat degradation.
(ii) Tigers are also facing problems of prey depletion since the
number of deers and other herbivores are decreasing due to disappearance of
forests.
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