TEXTBOOK EXERCISES
I. Choose the best
answer.
1.
Adolescence is the period of life between _____________ years of age.
a) 10 to 16
b) 11 to 17
c) 11 to 19
d) 11 to 20
[ Answer: (c) 11 to 19]
2.
The period at which an organism attains sexual maturity is called _____________
a) puberty
b) adolescence
c) growth
d) maturity
[Answer: (a) puberty]
3.
During puberty, the region below the waist become wider in _____________
a) boys
b) girls
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
[Answer: (c) Both a and b]
4.
Adam’s apple is the growth of the ________
a) pharynx
b) thyroid
c) larynx
d) parathyroid
[Answer: (c) larynx]
5.
Many adolescent boys and girls get pimples on face, due to the secretions of
_________gland.
a) sweat
b) sebaceous
c) sweat and sebaceous
d) None of these
[Answer: (b) sebaceous]
6.
The sperm is produced by ____________
a) penis
b) ovary
c) uterus
d) testes
[Answer: (d) testes]
7.
___________ are the chemical substances, secreted by endocrine glands.
a) Hormones
b) Enzymes
c) Proteins
d) Fatty acids
[Answer: (a) Hormones]
8.
Androgen production is regulated by___________
a) GH hormone
b) LH hormone
c) TSH hormone
d) ACTH hormone
[Answer: (b) LH hormone]
9.
During menstruation, the progesterone level is ___________
a) decreased
b) increased
c) ceased
d) normal
[Answer: (a) ceased]
10.___________
intake needs to be increased to prevent osteoporosis in later life.
a) Potassium
b) Phosphorus
c) Iron
d) Calcium
[Answer: (d) Calcium]
II. Fill in the
blanks.
1. Estrogen is secreted by the
ovaries of female.
2. The hormones secreted by the
gonads are controlled by
3. Milk secretion during lactation
is controlled by prolactin hormone.
4. The male and the female gamete fuse
together and form
5. The first menstrual flow begins
at puberty and it is termed as
6. Menstruation usually occurs 14
days after ovulation.
7. Balanced diet includes protein,
carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite proportion.
8. Iodine helps to prevent
thyroid gland related diseases.
9. Iron deficiency leads to
10. In women fertilization takes place
at
III. State true or
false. If false, correct the statement.
1. There is a sudden increase in the
height of both boys and girls during pubery.
2. The release of ovum from the
uterus is called ovulation.
Correct statement: The release of ovum from the ovary
is called ovulation.
3. During pregnancy, the corpus
luteum continues to grow and produces large amount of estrogen and
progesterone.
4. Making use of disposable napkins
or tampons may increase the chances of infections.
Correct statement: Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce the chances of infections
5. Using clean toilets for
defecation is a good practice.
IV. Match the
following.
1. Puberty - Testosterone
2. Adam’s apple - Muscle development
3. Androgen - at 45 to 50 years of
age
4. ICSH - Sexual maturity
5. Menopause - Change in voice
Answer:
1. Puberty - Sexual maturity
2. Androgen - Muscle development
3. ICSH - Testosterone
4. Menopause - at 45 to 50 years of age
V. Answer briefly.
1.
What is adolescence?
Answer:
(i) The term adolescence is derived from the Latin word
‘adolescere’ meaning ‘to grow’ or ‘grow to maturity’.
(ii) Biologically it is a physical transition marked by the
onset of puberty and termination of physical growth in an individual.
2.
List out the changes which occur during puberty.
Answer: Puberty transform the body of a child into that of an adult.
These changes are:
(i) Changes in body size
(ii) Changes in body proportion
(iii) Development of primary sex characteristics
(iv) Development of secondary sex characteristics.
3.
What do you mean by secondary sex characteristics?
Answer: Secondary sex characteristics are the physical features which
distinguish male from female.
4.
What is fertilization?
Answer: The fusion of the sperm and egg is called fertilization.
5.
Explain Menarche.
Answer:
(i) The first menstrual flow begins at puberty and is termed menarche.
(ii) It is the beginning of adolescence, during which mental and
emotional maturation occurs and physical growth becomes pronounced.
6.
Explain the process of pregnancy.
Answer:
(i) After ovulation, the ovum reaches the fallopian tube and
fertilization takes place.
(ii) The fertilized egg undergoes development and it is
implanted in the uterus.
(iii) The corpus luteum continues to grow and produces large amount
of progesterone.
(iv) This results in pregnancy. Normally, it lasts for 280 days,
at the end of which parturition (child birth) takes place.
7.
Explain the importance of cleanliness during the time of menstrual cycle in
girls.
Answer:
(i) Girls should take special care of cleanliness during the
time of menstrual cycle
(ii) Making use of disposable napkins or tampons may reduce
chances of infections. It should be changed frequently depending upon the
menstrual flow.
8.
How is adolescence differ from childhood?
Answer:
(i) The period of life from birth till 12 years is also childhood.
Adolescence begins from age of 12 - 13 years.
(ii) Lot of changes in height, weight, sex organs, muscle mass
etc, occur in adolescence.
VI. Answer in detail.
1.
What are the physical changes that occur in boys and girls during adolescence?
Answer: Secondary sex characteristics are the physical features which
distinguish male from female.
The
physical changes that occur is boys and girls during adolescence are :
Girls
• Height and weight increase.
• Fatty and subcutaneous tissues develop.
• Hip broadens.
• Hair grows in arm pits and pubic area
• Voice becomes shrill.
• Breast develops.
Boys
• Height and weight increase.
• Muscles develop.
• Shoulder broadens.
• Hair grows in the arm pits and pubic area, and facial hair
also appears.
• Voice break takes place due to lengthening of vocal cord and
enlarging of larynx.
• Size of the penis increases.
2.
Explain the role of hormones in reproduction.
Answer:
(i) The primary hormones that regulate reproduction are the
steroids such as androgens, estrogens and progesterone which have
masculinizing, feminizing and gestational effects respectively.
(ii) These hormones are secreted from the gonads which are
regulated by the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis).
Follicle
Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
(i) FSH in a female influences the development of the Graafian follicle
and secretion of estrogens.
(ii) In a male, it is necessary for the development of
seminiferous tubules, and for spermatogenesis.
Luteinizing
Hormone (LH)
In a female, it is the hormone necessary for ovulation, and the
secretion of the luteal hormone progesterone, and for the final maturation of
the Graafian follicle. In a male, it stimulates the interstitial (Leydig) cells
of testes and the secretion of testosterone, and is referred to as the Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone
(ICSH).
Prolactin
(PRL) or Lactogenic Hormone
The main function of this hormone is milk secretion during
lactation.
Oxytocin
Hormone
Oxytocin causes expulsion of milk from the breast and it is also
involved in the contraction of smooth muscles of uterus during child birth.
3.
Briefly describe the menstrual cycle.
Answer: The beginning of the menstrual cycle marks the onset of puberty
in human females. Menstruation occurs if an ovum released by the ovary of a
woman is not fertilized during ovulation. This is described below.
(i) When a girl reaches puberty at the age of about 10, the sex
hormones released into her blood cause some of the ova (or egg cells) in her
ovaries to become mature (or ripe).
(ii) Usually one mature ovum (or egg) is released from one of
the ovaries into the oviduct once in every 28 days. This is called ovulation.
(iii) Before ovulation (or release of ovum), the inner wall of
uterus becomes thick and spongy, and full of tiny blood vessels to receive the
fertilized ovum.
(iv) If the ovum does not get fertilized then the thick and soft
inner lining of uterus breaks.
So, the thick and soft inner lining of uterus along with the
blood vessels and the dead ovum comes out of the vagina in the form of a
bleeding called menstruation.
(v) Menstruation usually occurs 14 days after ovulation and
usually lasts for about 3 to 5 days.
(vi) After menstruation is over, the inner lining of the uterus
starts building up again so that it may become ready to receive the next ovum.
(vii) If the ovum does not get fertilized even now, then
menstruation takes place again. This cycle of menstruation is repeated again
and again in Women after every 28 days.
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones.
Menstruation stops temporarily when the ovum gets fertilized.and
the women gets pregnant. Menstruation also stops due to nutritional
deficiencies, low body weight, stress, eating disorder, excessive weight gain
etc.
4.
Explain the nutritional needs of adolescence in brief.
Answer:
(i) Adolescence is a stage of rapid growth and development.
(ii) Balanced diet is very much important during adolescence.
Balanced diet includes proteins, carbohydrates, fats and vitamins in requisite
proportions.
(iii) A very good amount of proteins and carbohydrates is
necessary during this growth period. Apart from that, adolescents need the
following dietary components.
Minerals
Since there is an increase in skeletal mass and blood volume
during adolescence, the body needs calcium, phosphorus and iron.
Calcium;
(i) Calcium intake needs to be increased to prevent osteoporosis
in later life.
(ii) It is present in milk and milk products or other
equivalents.
Iodine
It helps to prevent thyroid gland related diseases.
Iron
(i) Iron builds blood and iron-rich foods such as green leafy
vegetables, jaggery, meat, dates, fish, chicken, citrus, Indian gooseberry
(Nelli) and whole pulses are good for adolescents.
(ii) Lack of iron in the diet results in anemia.
(iii) In boys, iron deficiency occurs due to muscle spurt
whereas in girls it occurs due to menstruation in addition to the muscular
growth.
VII. Higher Order
Thinking Questions.
1.
What can you suggest to your classmates to keep himself / herself clean and
healthy?
Answer:
(i) Shower or bath daily.
(ii) Always wash your hands before and after meals.
(iii) Keep fingernails clean and dipped.
(iv) Wash your teeth and mouth before and after each meal.
(v) Avoid touching your face, nose or mouth while preparing
food.
(vi) Avoid coughing or sneezing around food and close your mouth
by using hand kerchief while you cough in public places.
(vii) If you want to taste the food, use a clean spoon.
(viii) Change your clothes regularly and wash them cleanly,
especially undergarments.
(ix) Do not defecate in open field. Use clean toilets for
defecation.
(x) If you are not well, avoid self-medication, consult a
doctor.
(xi) In case of girls, menstrual hygiene can be explained to
them.
2.
Adolescence is the energistic stage. What health and good habits you want to
develop?
Answer: Healthy and good habits that we should develop during
adolescence are:
(i) Eat balanced diet and avoid junk food to prevent obesity.
(ii) Regular physical exercise which helps to build our body.
(iii) Keep ourselves clean by bathing twice a day, cutting hair,
trimming nails, wearing clean cloths.
(iv) Keep away from abusive substances, drugs smoking and any
other bad habits.
(v) Observe menstrual hygiene.
(vi) Be aware of problems related to adolescence and take care
of one’s physical and mental health.
Related Topics
Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant
Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.