Evaluation
I. Choose
the correct answer:
1. Who of the following
composed songs on Krishna putting himself in the place of mother Yashoda?
a. Poigaiazhwar
b. Periyazhwar
c. Nammazhwar
d. Andal
[Answer: (b) Periyazhwar]
2.
Who preached the Advaita philosophy?
a. Ramanujar
b. Ramananda
c. Nammazhwar
d. Adi Shankara
[Ans : (d) Adi Shankara]
3.
Who spread the Bhakthi ideology in northern India and made it a mass movement?
a.Vallabhacharya
b. Ramanujar
c. Ramananda
d. Surdas
[Answer: (c) Ramananda]
4.
Who made Chishti order popular in India?
a. Moinuddin Chishti
b. Suhrawardi
c. Amir Khusru
d. Nizamuddin Auliya
[Answer : (a) Moinuddin Chishti]
5.
Who is considered their first guru by the Sikhs?
a. Lehna
b. Guru Amir Singh
c. Guru Nanak
d. Guru Gobind Singh
[Answer : (c) Guru Nanak]
II. Fill in the Blanks:
1. Periyazhwar was earlier known as Vishnu Chittar.
2. Guru Granth Sahib is the holy book of
the Sikhs.
3. Meerabai was the disciple of Ravidas.
4. Ramanuja’s philosophy is known as
vishistadvaita.
5. Gurudwara Darbar Sahib is situated at
Kartarpur
in Pakistan.
III. Match the following:
1.
Pahul – Kabir
2.
Ramcharitmanas – Sikhs
3.
Srivaishnavism – Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib
4.
Granthavali – Guru Gobind Singh
5.
Suhrawardi – Tulsidas
Answer:
1. Pahul - Sikhs
2. Ramcharitmanas - Tulsidas
3. Srivaishnavism - Ramanuja
4. Granthavali - Kabir
5. Suhrawardi
- Abdul-Wahid Abu Najib
IV. Find out the right pair/pairs:
1. Andal – Srivilliputhur
2. Tukaram – Bengal
3. Chaitanyadeva – Maharashtra
4. Brahma-sutra – Vallabacharya
5. Gurudwaras – Sikhs
[Answer : (1) Andal - Srivilliputhur, (5) Gurudwaras - Sikhs]
2. Assertion
(A) : After Guru Gobind Singh, the holy book Guru Granth Sahib came to be considered the guru.
Reason
(R):
Guru Gobind Singh was the compiler of Guru
Granth Sahib.
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct but R is wrong
d) Both A and R are wrong
[Answer : (c) A is correct but R is wrong]
3. Find the odd person out
Poigai Azhwar, Bhoothathu Azhwar,
Periazhwar, Andal, Nammazhwar.
[Answer : Andal]
V. State true or false:
1. Sufism was responsible for the spread
of Islamic culture. [Answer : False]
2. The best known Sufi sage of the early
medieval period was Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order. [Answer: True]
3. Guru Nanak is considered the first
guru of Sikhs. [Answer:
True]
4. Sufis believed that realization of
God can beachieved only through passionate devotion to God and intense
meditation. [Answer:
True]
5. The basic Tamil Saivite sacred canon
consistsof 12 books. [Answer: True]
VI. Give short answers
1.
What do you know about Tirumurai?
Answer: Nambi Andar Nambi (1000 A.D.)
is said to have compiled the songs of all of the Nayanmars that form the basis
of Tirumurai, the basic Tamil Saivite
sacred canon. It consists of 12 books, and 11 of them were assembled by Nambi.
The 12th book is Sekkizhars Periyapuranam.
2.
How many Nayanmars were there and who were prominent among them?
Answer: There are 63 legendary
Nayanmars. Among them, Gnanasampandar, Appar, and Sundarar (often called “the
trio”) are worshipped as saints through their images in South Indian temples.
3.
How did Gurunanak help to found Sikhism?.
Answer:
(i) Guru Nanak is considered the first guru by the Sikhs.
(ii) The teachings of Guru Nanak formed the basis of Sikhism, a new
religious order, founded in the late 15th century.
(iii) His and his successors’ teachings are collected in the Guru Granth Sahib, which is the holy
book of the Sikhs.
4.
What had Tukkaram to do with the Vitthoba temple of Pantharpur?
Answer: Tukaram, a 17th
century saint poet of Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs abangas or Kirtanas, devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of krishna. There is
Vitthoba / Panduranga temple at Pantharpur or Pandaripuram in Sholapur
district, Maharashtra.
5.
Highlight the spiritual ideas of Kabir that appealed to lower classes.
Answer:
(i) Kabir believed that God is one and formless, even though
different religious sects give him different names and forms.
(ii) Kabir opposed discrimination on
the basis of religion, caste and wealth. He also condemned meaningless rituals.
VII. Answer the following in detail:
1.
Give an account of the contributions of exponents of Bhakti Movement in the
southern as well as northern parts of India.
Answer:
(i) The Azhwars, the Vaishnavite Bhakti sages and the
originators of Bhakti cult, and the Nayanmars, the worshipers of Siva or the
Saivites, composed devotional hymns in Tamil language, dedicated to their
respective gods.
(ii) Vishnu-bhakti or
Vaishnavism is based on Vishnu’s avatars (incarnations), particularly Krishna
and Rama. The 12 Tamil Azhwars are chiefly known for their immortal hymns.
(iii) Two Azhwars stand out distinctly for their contribution to
the promotion of the Bhakti movement.
(a) Adi Shankara:
(i) Adi Shankara or Shankarachariar (c. 700-750 A.D.) preached
the Advaita philosophy.
(ii) He set up mathas
(mutts), centres of learning and worship, at Badrinath, Puri, Dwarka and
Sringeri.
(iii) His commentary on the Brahma-sutra,
which is a fundamental text of the Vedanta school and on the principal
Upanishads are considered equally important.
(b) Ramanuja:
(i) Ramanuja, a 11th century Vaishnava saint, was the
most influential thinker of Vaishnavism.
(ii) He established centres to spread his doctrine of devotion, Srivaishnavism, to God Vishnu and his
consort Lakshmi.
Exponents of Bhakti
Movement:
(i) Ramananda spread the Bhakti ideology in northern India where
it became a mass movement. Vallabhacharya, a Telugu philosopher, built a temple
for Lord Krishna on the Govardhan Hills near Mathura. Surdas, a blind poet and
musician, was associated with this temple as well as that of Agra. His famous
collection of poetry is called Sursagar.
Meera Bai, wife of the crown prince of Mewar, was an ardent devotee of Lord
Krishna.
(ii) Meera Bai gained popularity through her bhajans, Chaitanyadeva popularised
Krishna worship through ecstatic songs and dancing that had a profound effect
on Vaishnavism in Bengal.
(iii) Tulsidas’s Hindi retelling of the story of Rama in the Ramcharitmanas, the sentiment of
friendship and loyalty is stressed.
(iv) Tukaram, a 17th century saint poet of
Maharashtra, is known for his spiritual songs (abangas or kirtanas), devoted to Vitthoba, an avatar of Krishna.
2.
What is Sufism? How did it find its footing in India?
Answer: The advent of Sufis to India dates back to the Arab conquest of
Sind. It gained prominence during the reign of the Delhi Sultans. Sufism found
adherents among both Muslims and Hindus.
(i) Sufism: The word Sufi takes its origin from suf, meaning wool. The Sufis wore course garments made of wool and
hence they were called Sufis. Sufism was basically Islamic but was influenced
by Hindu and Buddhist (Mahayana) ideas. It rejected the stringent conduct code
of the ulemas. Sufis lived in
hermitages akin to monasteries and functioned outside society.
(ii) Sufis in medieval India were divided into three major orders.
They were Chisti, Suhrawardi and Firdausi.
(iii) The best known Sufi sage of the early medieval period was
Nizamuddin Auliya of the Chishti order, who had a large number of followers
among the ruling class in Delhi.
(iv) Suhrawardi order was founded by an Iranian Sufi Abdul-Wahid Abu
Najib. The Firdausi order was a branch of Suhrawardi order and its activities
were confined to Bihar.
3.
What impact did Bhakti movement make on Indian society?
Answer:
(i) Vedic Hinduism was regenerated and thus saved from the
onslaught of Islam.
(ii) The Islamic tenets - unity of God and universal brotherhood -
emphasised by the saints promoted harmony and peace.
(iii) Bhakti was a movement of the common people; it used the
language of the common people for its devotional literature.
(iv) Bhakti movement opened up space for Indian languages to grow.
It stimulated literary activity in regional languages.
(v) What sustained Sanskrit, despite its decline during this
period, was the support extended by the rulers of Hindu kingdoms.
(vi) Tamil was the only ancient Indian language remained vibrant
during this period. Under the influence of devotional cults, its emphasis
shifted to religion and religious literature.
(vii) Caste system and social disparities came to be criticised.
VIII. HOTS:
1.
Examine the statement that the Bhakti movement saved Vedic Hinduism from the
onslaught of Islam.
Answer:
(i) The Bhakthi movement emphasised the mutual emotional attachment
and love of a devotee towards a personal God and of the God for the devotee.
(ii) The Azhwars and Nayanmars contibuted a lot to Tamil literature
through their devotional hymns.
(iii) They criticised caste - based social status and advocated
gender equality.
(iv) Sages like Ramanuja and Adi Shankara too articulated ideas of
social equality. In North India poets like Ramananda, Vallabhacharya and
Tulsidas spread the Bhakthi cult through their devotional hymns which could
save Vedic Hinduism from the onslaught of Islam.
IX. Activity:
Visiting
the living places as well as the places associated with the Bhakthi saints in
Tamil Nadu.
Related Topics
Privacy Policy, Terms and Conditions, DMCA Policy and Compliant
Copyright © 2018-2024 BrainKart.com; All Rights Reserved. Developed by Therithal info, Chennai.