Exercises Questions with Answers

Evaluation

I. Choose the correct answer

1. Which one of the following is renewable resource?

a) old

b) Iro

c) Petrol

d) solar energy

Answer: d) solar energy

2. Where is the largest solar power project situated in India?

a) Kamuthi

b) Aralvaimozhi

c) Muppandal

d) Neyveli

Answer: a) Kamuthi

3. Which is one of the first metals known and used by man?

a) Iron

b) copper

c) Gold

d) Silver

Answer: b) copper

4. ------------- is one of the indispensable minerals used in electrical and electronics Industry.

a) Limestone

b)  Mica

c) Manganese

d)  Silver

Answer: b) Mica

5. Electricity produced from coal is called---------------

a) Thermal Power

b)  Nuclear power

c) Solar power

d)  Hydel power

Answer: a) Thermal Power

II. Fill in the blanks

1. China is the largest producer of hydro-electricity.

2. Iron ores found at Kanjamalai in Tamil Nadu.

3. Aluminum is produced from bauxite ore.

4. Manganese is used in making electrical batteries.

5. Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold.

III. Match the following

1. Renewable resource - Iron

2. Metallic resource - Mica

3. Non-metallic resource - Wind energy

4. Fossil fuel - Sedimentary rock

5. Limestone – Petroleum

Answer:

1. Renewable resource        - Wind energy

2. Metallic resource            - Iron

3. Non-metallic resource     - Mica

4. Fossil fuel                         - Petroleum

5. Limestone                        - Sedimentary rock

IV. Consider the following statement and tick (✓) the appropriate answer

1. Assertion (A) : Wind power is Clean Energy.

Reason (R) : Wind turbines do not produce any emissions

a. A and R are correct and R explains A

b. A and R are correct but R does not explain A

c. A is incorrect but R is correct

d. Both A and R are incorrect

Answer: a. A and R are correct and R explains A

2. Assertion (A) : Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits.

Reason (R) : It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel.

a. A and R are correct and R explains A

b. A and R are correct but R does not explain A

c. A is incorrect but R is correct

d. Both A and R are incorrect

Answer: b. A and R are correct but R does not explain A

V. Answer the following

1. Define - Resource.

Anything which can be used for satisfying the human needs is called resource. Natural resources are resources that exist without action of humankind.

2. What are the uses of iron?

Iron is used in engineering applications, such as the construction of machinery and machine tools, automobiles, construction of large ships, structural components of  building, bridges etc.

3. What are the major utilizers of solar energy in the world?

India, China, Japan, Italy and States of America are major utilizers of solar energy in the world.

4.  Name the types of coal based on carbon content.

Coal is classified into four types based on carbon content. They are:

    1. Anthracite 

    2. Bituminous    

     3. Lignite  

     4. Peat.

5. Give a short note on Duralumin.

Duralumin is an alloy of aluminium with some other metals. It is made up of 90% aluminium 4% copper 1% magnesium and 1% manganese. As it is a light and hard it is used in aircraft construction.

VI. Distinguish the following

1. Biotic resources and abiotic resources

Biotic resources

1) Biotic resources are found in the biosphere which are obtained from living and organic materials.

2) They include forests, crops, birds, animals, fishes, man and materials that can be obtained from them.

Fossil fuels such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they are formed from decayed organic matter.

Abiotic resources

1) Abiotic resources are those that come from non-living, non-organic material.

2) They include land, water, air, sunlight and heavy metals ores such as gold, iron, copper, silver etc.

2. Renewable resources and non-renewable resources

Renewable resources

1) A renewable resource can be used repeatedly and it can be replaced naturally.

2) They include solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower.

Non Renewable resources

1) Natural resources that once consumed and cannot be replaced is called non-renewable.

2) They include fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and mineral resources such as iron, copper, bauxite, gold, silver and others.

3. Metallic resources and non-metallic resources

Metallic resources

1) Metalic resources are the type of resources that are composed of metals.

2) These are hard and are good conductors of heat and electricity.

3) Metallic resources are iron, copper, gold, bauxite, silver, manganese etc.,

Non-metallic resources

1) Non-metallic resources are not composed of metals.

2) These are not hard and are not good conductors of heat and electricity.

3) Non-metallic resources are mica, limestone, gypsum, dolomite, phosphate, etc.,

VII. Give reason

1. Aluminium has wide range of uses compared to other metals.

Aluminium has wide range of uses compared to other metals. Because

1) Aluminium is light in weight, tough and cheaper, which makes it popular metal for constructional purpose.

2) It is mainly used in the construction of aircrafts, ship, automobiles, railway coaches and etc.

3) Aluminium is a good conductor of electricity and heat, hence, it is used for making electrical cables.

4) It is highly resistant to corrosion.

2. Water is considered as a great source of energy.

Water is considered as a great source of energy. Because

1) At present, water is used for producing hydroelectric power. Hydroelectricity is generated from moving water with high velocity and great falls with the help of turbines and dynamos.

2) Hydroelectricity power is the cheapest and most versatile source of energy out of all the known energy.

3) Hydroelectric power is a renewable resource.

VII. Answer in a paragraph

1. Explain the different types of renewable resources.

1. Renewable resources : A renewable resource is a resource which can be used repeatedly and replaced naturally. Renewable resources harvested and used rationally will not produce pollution. The use of renewable resources and energy sources is increasing worldwide. Example: solar energy, wind energy, and hydropower. Solar energy produces energy in the form of heat and light. Solar energy is not harmful to the environment. Photovoltaic devices or solar cells, directly convert solar energy into electricity. Individual solar cell in group panel can perform small applications from charging calculator, watch batteries, to large applications such as to power residential dwellings. Wind energy is clean energy since wind turbines do not produce any emissions. In recent years, wind energy has become one of the most economical and renewable energy technologies. Modern wind turbines with three blades dot the landscape today, turning wind into electricity. Hydropower is considered as a great source of energy. At present, water is used for producing hydroelectric power. Hydroelectricity is generated from moving water with high velocity and great falls with the help of turbines and dynamos. Hydroelectricity is the cheapest and most versatile source of energy out of all the known energy. Hydroelectric power is a renewable resource.

2. Describe the non-metallic resources.

Non-metallic resources: Non-metallic resources can be described as the resources that do not comprise metals. These are not hard substances, and are not good conductors of heat and electricity. Examples for non-metallic resources are mica, limestone, gypsum, dolomite, phosphate, etc. Mica is one of the indispensable minerals used in electrical and electronics industry. It is used as an insulating material in electrical industry. In powder form, it is used for making lubricating oils and decorative wallpapers. Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly by skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, foraminifera and molluscs. About 10% of sedimentary rocks are limestones. It is used for facing stone, floor tiles, stair treads, windows sills and many other purposes. Crushed limestone is used in smelting and other metal refining process. Portland cement is made from limestone.

3. What are the different types of fossil fuel resources? Explain them.

Fossil fuel resources : Fossil fuel resources are normally formed from the remains of dead plants and animals. They are often referred to as fossil fuels and are formed from hydrocarbon. When fossil fuels are burned, they become a great source of heat energy. Examples for fossil fuel resources are coal, petroleum and natural gas. Coal is the most abundantly found fossil fuel that forms when dead plant matter is converted into peat. It is used as a domestic fuel, in industries such as iron and steel, steam engines to generate electricity. Electricity produced from coal is called Thermal Power. Coal is classified into four types based on carbon content. They are: 1. Anthracite, 2. Bituminous, 3. Lignite, 4. Peat. The leading coal producers of the world is China. Petroleum is found between the layers of rocks and is drilled from oil fields located in Offshore and coastal areas. This is sent to refineries which process crude oil and produce variety of products like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants. Petroleum and its derivatives are called Black Gold as they are very valuable. The leading producers in India are Digboi in Assam, Bombay High in Mumbai and the deltas of Krishna and Godavari rivers. Natural gas is found with petroleum deposits and is released when crude oi1 is brought to the surface. It can be used as a domestic and industrial fuel. In India, Krishna and Godavari Delta, Assam, Gujarat and some areas of offshore in Mumbai have natural gas resources.

IX. Activity

1. Mark the metallic resources on the given outline map of the world.

2. Crossword puzzle

Across

2. The leading coal producers of the world

4. Considered as a great source of energy

5. Precious metal like gold

6. Used as an insulating material in electrical industry

Down

1. Used in making electrical batteries

2. Good conductor of heat and electricity

3. The largest producer of gold in India

5. Produces energy in the form of heat and light