VI. Answer the following
in detail
1. Discuss the political changes during
1526-1707 A.D. (C.E)
The Mughals
• In 1526 AD at Panipat Babur defeated Ibrahim Lodi and founded the
Mughal empire. The "Great Mughals" of six included Akbar and Aurangazeb
• Akbar consolidated the empire through conquests and a policy of
conciliation with the Religions based Kingdoms of Rajasthan.
• The empire was at its height during the rule of the last of the
Great Mughals Aurangzeb. The empire stretched over most of the Indian sub-continent.
Though the Mughal empire began to disintegrate after Aurangazeb it finally ended
when the British came (1857 AD).
• In the 17th Century under the leadership of shivaji. Marathas new
power centre rose and undermined the authority of the Mughals in Western India.
• Only the South - Western region of Kerala and Southern Tamilnadu
were not directly under Mughal rule.
2. Explain the commercial developments
in Medieval India.
The commercial Developments
in medieval India
• India had an extensive network of trade for marketing. The village
was the basic unit of production.
• The village was essentially a subsistance economy and barter was
the medium of exchange.
• The producer produced a surplus that he marketed himself, usually
in regional weekly markets.
• The producer was delinked from marketing, which was undertaken
by merchant intermediaries.
• Big cities, the major commercial centres with bazaars and shops,
were intermediate prints in inter - regional trade since they were connected by
roads to other parts of the country.
• In coastal trade along the western and eastern coasts of the country
smaller ships and boats were used. The major ports were Surat, Masulipatnam, Calicut.
• Across the Indian Ocean, extending from china in the east to Africa
in the west, Maritime trade had flourished due to its geographical location in the
middle of the Indian Ocean.
• Exports : Textiles,
Pepper, Precious and semiprecious gems, diamonds, iron and steel.
• Imports : Silk, Ceramics,
gold, spices, aromatic woods, camphor, drugs, sugar and ivory.
3. "Chola Period was a enterprising
period in the history of Tamil Nadu" - Elucidate.
Chola Period was an
enterprising period in the history of Tamilnadu
Because
• The CHOLA PERIOD was an enterprising period in the history of Tamilnadu
when trade and the economy expanded, accompanied them urbanization.
• The administrative machinery was re-organised. The local administration
was the village (ur), followed by the sub-region (Nadu) and district (kottam), granted
tax - free villages to Brahmins - 'Brahmadaya’,
Marketing centres and towns - 'Nagaram’
• They were responsible for
• The maintenance and management of water resources, land, local
temples. 
• resolving local issues and disputes.
• Collecting the taxes due to the government.
• Another notable feature was the great increase in the construction
of temples.
• First dimension : The
construction of new temples.
• Second dimension : Old
temples became old important economic entities.
VIII. Activities (For
Students)
1.
On the outline map of India mark the important places of medieval India.
2.
Collect pictures of architectural importance of the Cholas.
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